What must be done before asbestos materials can be safely handled or removed?

Before asbestos materials can be safely handled or removed, it is essential to conduct laboratory testing to confirm their presence and determine the type and extent of asbestos present. Proper testing involves collecting samples of the suspected material and analyzing them in a certified laboratory to ensure accurate identification. This testing is crucial because it informs workers of the necessary precautions, protective equipment, and procedures required for safe handling or removal, thereby minimizing health risks associated with asbestos exposure.

The other options do not provide the necessary preparatory steps for safe asbestos handling. For instance, painting over asbestos materials does not eliminate the hazard and can sometimes even create further risks. Heating asbestos materials can release harmful fibers into the air, increasing exposure risks. Cleaning with water may temporarily suppress dust but does not address the fundamental need for proper identification and assessment of the material before it can be safely dealt with. Ultimately, laboratory testing is the foundational step that ensures all subsequent actions are taken with full awareness of the risks involved.